Patriotism means love of one’s country. Patriotism is a commendable virtue. There is hardly anyone who does not love his country. The patriots sometimes sacrifice their lives for the good of their respective countries. This spirit of sacrifice has made patriotism a highly noble quality. There is the spirit of sacrifice in patriotism. We have some duty towards the country in which we are born and live. If a person does not love his country he will die “Unwept, unhonoured and unsung.” 

A man can be a patriot by maintaining a proper image of his country before the eyes of foreigners. He will never do anything to lower his country in the eyes of others. He will never criticise his government before foreigners. He will try to project the best image of his country when he comes into contact with people of other lands. 

Patriotism is different from nationalism. A patriot may be a nationalist. According to Rabindranath Tagore, himself a great patriot, patriotism is more important than nationalism. A patriot loves his own country, but he does not hate the people of other countries, A nationalist, on the other hand, might consider his own nation important and hate the people of other countries. A patriot is international in his outlook. He is broad-minded, tolerant and humanitarian. He considers himself to be a citizen of the world. A nationalist, on the other hand, may be narrow-minded. He may think in terms of his own country and hate all those who are not his countrymen. So patriotism is preferable to nationalism. 

A patriot is a person who loves his country country. Rabindranath Tagore is a patriot. He wrote his “Letter” to Lord Chelmsford rejecting Knighthood as a reaction against the mass killing in Jalianwallahbag of Amritsar by the British rulers. The massacre took place on 13 April 1919. Rabindranath Tagore’s reaction to the event was fierce. The British Indian soldiers opened fire on a peaceful gathering of the Indians at Jalianwallahbag, Amritsar of Punjab. They killed almost 400 Indians on the spot and left many others severely injured with after effects for the rest of their lives. The reactions from the common Indians were very fierce. 

They vehemently protested the brutal killing by the rulers. Tagore was shocked at the brutality of the British rulers. He wrote, “the very least I can do for my country is to take all consequences upon myself in giving voice to the protest of millions of my countrymen, surprised into a dumb anguish of terror.” The sufferings and humiliation undergone by the Indians have made the holding of the “badges of honour” a farce, a glaring shame. So, Tagore wrote, “I for my part wish to stand, shorn of all special distinctions, by the side of those of my countrymen, who, for their so-called insignificance, are liable to suffer a degradation not fit for human beings.” Thus, Tagore set up an example of bold patriotism by renouncing the title of the knighthood conferred on him by the British Crown.

What do you know by Patriotism?

Green Land | September 17, 2023 | 0 comments

Patriotism means love of one’s country. Patriotism is a commendable virtue. There is hardly anyone who does not love his country. The patriots sometimes sacrifice their lives for the good of their respective countries. This spirit of sacrifice has made patriotism a highly noble quality. There is the spirit of sacrifice in patriotism. We have some duty towards the country in which we are born and live. If a person does not love his country he will die “Unwept, unhonoured and unsung.” 

A man can be a patriot by maintaining a proper image of his country before the eyes of foreigners. He will never do anything to lower his country in the eyes of others. He will never criticise his government before foreigners. He will try to project the best image of his country when he comes into contact with people of other lands. 

Patriotism is different from nationalism. A patriot may be a nationalist. According to Rabindranath Tagore, himself a great patriot, patriotism is more important than nationalism. A patriot loves his own country, but he does not hate the people of other countries, A nationalist, on the other hand, might consider his own nation important and hate the people of other countries. A patriot is international in his outlook. He is broad-minded, tolerant and humanitarian. He considers himself to be a citizen of the world. A nationalist, on the other hand, may be narrow-minded. He may think in terms of his own country and hate all those who are not his countrymen. So patriotism is preferable to nationalism. 

A patriot is a person who loves his country country. Rabindranath Tagore is a patriot. He wrote his “Letter” to Lord Chelmsford rejecting Knighthood as a reaction against the mass killing in Jalianwallahbag of Amritsar by the British rulers. The massacre took place on 13 April 1919. Rabindranath Tagore’s reaction to the event was fierce. The British Indian soldiers opened fire on a peaceful gathering of the Indians at Jalianwallahbag, Amritsar of Punjab. They killed almost 400 Indians on the spot and left many others severely injured with after effects for the rest of their lives. The reactions from the common Indians were very fierce. 

They vehemently protested the brutal killing by the rulers. Tagore was shocked at the brutality of the British rulers. He wrote, “the very least I can do for my country is to take all consequences upon myself in giving voice to the protest of millions of my countrymen, surprised into a dumb anguish of terror.” The sufferings and humiliation undergone by the Indians have made the holding of the “badges of honour” a farce, a glaring shame. So, Tagore wrote, “I for my part wish to stand, shorn of all special distinctions, by the side of those of my countrymen, who, for their so-called insignificance, are liable to suffer a degradation not fit for human beings.” Thus, Tagore set up an example of bold patriotism by renouncing the title of the knighthood conferred on him by the British Crown.

Important Short Notes

An aphorism is a short, pithy and a concise statement of a principle and truth while an epigram is a terse, sage, or witty often a paradoxical saying. An epigrammatic style refers to the use of epigram in a piece of writing. An epigram is a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement or line of verse. It is a short, witty statement which is graceful in style. An epigram usually ends with a surprising or witty turn of thought. Coleridge defines epigram as an epigram in itself: “Its body brevity, and wit its soul.” The epigram can be expressed in various ways such as in the epigrammatic style marked by point and brevity, emphatic assertion, indirect or concealed statement, punning, paradox etc. 

An aphorism is a short, pithy and a concise statement of a principle and truth while an epigram is a terse, sage, or witty often a paradoxical saying. Bacon’s style is marked by its terseness and brevity. The terseness is often achieved by leaving out superfluous epithets, conjunctions and connectives. Every sentence in his essays is pregnant with meaning and can be expanded into several sentences. His utterances are thoughtful, insightful, lively, witty and meaningful to the core. His essay Of Studies abounds with epigrammatic sentences. Some of the famous epigrammatic sentences are quoted below: 

“Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.” 

“Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them.” 

“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” 

“Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.” 

What is epigrammatic style?

Green Land | September 16, 2023 | 0 comments

An aphorism is a short, pithy and a concise statement of a principle and truth while an epigram is a terse, sage, or witty often a paradoxical saying. An epigrammatic style refers to the use of epigram in a piece of writing. An epigram is a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement or line of verse. It is a short, witty statement which is graceful in style. An epigram usually ends with a surprising or witty turn of thought. Coleridge defines epigram as an epigram in itself: “Its body brevity, and wit its soul.” The epigram can be expressed in various ways such as in the epigrammatic style marked by point and brevity, emphatic assertion, indirect or concealed statement, punning, paradox etc. 

An aphorism is a short, pithy and a concise statement of a principle and truth while an epigram is a terse, sage, or witty often a paradoxical saying. Bacon’s style is marked by its terseness and brevity. The terseness is often achieved by leaving out superfluous epithets, conjunctions and connectives. Every sentence in his essays is pregnant with meaning and can be expanded into several sentences. His utterances are thoughtful, insightful, lively, witty and meaningful to the core. His essay Of Studies abounds with epigrammatic sentences. Some of the famous epigrammatic sentences are quoted below: 

“Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.” 

“Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them.” 

“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” 

“Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.” 

Important Short Notes

An aphorism is a short phrase or statement that reveals a truth or principle. It is found first in a work which is generally attributed to the Greek physician Hippocrates entitled “Aphorisms” which consists of tersely-worded principles on the practice of medicine. An example of aphorism is “ars longa, vita brevis est” — “art is long, life is short.” The following sentence from Bacon’s “Of Studies” is another example of aphorism : “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.” An aphorism is also called ‘sententia’. 

Though both an aphorism and an epigram are terse expressions, they differ from each other. An aphorism simply states a truth in brief while an epigram is a succinct and witty statement producing a shock of comic surprise. An aphorism does not denote any satire but an epigram is often satiric. Here is an epigram : 

“God made women beautiful so that men would love them; and He made them stupid so that they could love men.” 

Again, an aphorism is different from a maxim which offers a behavioural advice rather than simply revealing a truth or principle. “A stitch in time saves nine” is a maxim. 

Francis Bacon has a distinct prose style. The aspect which makes his prose distinct is the aphoristic style. The aphoristic style is a way of expression which is concise and pointed. In this style sentences are brief and rapid. They reveal some insights and truths. “Of Studies” reflects Bacon's aphoristic style. 

Most of the sentences Bacon uses in “Of Studies” are short but loaded with meaning. They contain general truth. For example, “Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them.” Again, suggesting the importance of reading, speaking, and writing, Bacon, in the shortest possible words, writes : — “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.” Bacon’s aphoristic quality is seen even when he does not ~. support reading without having any practical benefit. For instance, 

“To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of scholar.” 

What is aphorism?

Green Land | September 16, 2023 | 0 comments

An aphorism is a short phrase or statement that reveals a truth or principle. It is found first in a work which is generally attributed to the Greek physician Hippocrates entitled “Aphorisms” which consists of tersely-worded principles on the practice of medicine. An example of aphorism is “ars longa, vita brevis est” — “art is long, life is short.” The following sentence from Bacon’s “Of Studies” is another example of aphorism : “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.” An aphorism is also called ‘sententia’. 

Though both an aphorism and an epigram are terse expressions, they differ from each other. An aphorism simply states a truth in brief while an epigram is a succinct and witty statement producing a shock of comic surprise. An aphorism does not denote any satire but an epigram is often satiric. Here is an epigram : 

“God made women beautiful so that men would love them; and He made them stupid so that they could love men.” 

Again, an aphorism is different from a maxim which offers a behavioural advice rather than simply revealing a truth or principle. “A stitch in time saves nine” is a maxim. 

Francis Bacon has a distinct prose style. The aspect which makes his prose distinct is the aphoristic style. The aphoristic style is a way of expression which is concise and pointed. In this style sentences are brief and rapid. They reveal some insights and truths. “Of Studies” reflects Bacon's aphoristic style. 

Most of the sentences Bacon uses in “Of Studies” are short but loaded with meaning. They contain general truth. For example, “Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them.” Again, suggesting the importance of reading, speaking, and writing, Bacon, in the shortest possible words, writes : — “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.” Bacon’s aphoristic quality is seen even when he does not ~. support reading without having any practical benefit. For instance, 

“To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of scholar.” 

Important Short Notes

Utilitarianism is an eighteenth century doctrine of ethics that virtue and goodness are based on the utility and that the end of human conduct is happiness. It is a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. Thus, the theory holds that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness. 

According to John Stuart Mill, “the creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, utility or the greatest happiness principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure.” 

Bacon is a utilitarian. His outlook on life is undoubtedly utilitarian. He makes a utilitarian approach even to studies. His pragmatism is seen in his classifications of books: “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” But studies do not shape a perfect man without the needed conference and writing. “And therefore if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.” He wants studies to be supplemented by practical experience. Bacon thinks that wise men put their studies to practical use. In the essay Of Studies Bacon points out that different branches of studies have different effects on human mind. He also speaks of curing different mental defects by means of an appropriate choice of studies. 

What is utilitarianism?

Green Land | September 16, 2023 | 0 comments

Utilitarianism is an eighteenth century doctrine of ethics that virtue and goodness are based on the utility and that the end of human conduct is happiness. It is a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. Thus, the theory holds that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness. 

According to John Stuart Mill, “the creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, utility or the greatest happiness principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure.” 

Bacon is a utilitarian. His outlook on life is undoubtedly utilitarian. He makes a utilitarian approach even to studies. His pragmatism is seen in his classifications of books: “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” But studies do not shape a perfect man without the needed conference and writing. “And therefore if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.” He wants studies to be supplemented by practical experience. Bacon thinks that wise men put their studies to practical use. In the essay Of Studies Bacon points out that different branches of studies have different effects on human mind. He also speaks of curing different mental defects by means of an appropriate choice of studies. 

Important Short Notes

Machiavellianism is “the employment of cunning and duplicity in statecraft or in general conduct”. The term is derived from the Italian Renaissance diplomat and writer Niccolo Machiavelli, who wrote “II Principe” (The Prince) in which he denies the relevance of morality in political affairs and holds that craft and deceit are justified in pursuing and maintaining political power. Machiavelli believed that ‘ends justify means’. Machiavellianism is also a term that some social and personality psychologists use to describe a person’s tendency to deceive and manipulate other people for their personal gain. Therefore, Machiavellianism has no moral principles. It prefers pragmatic approaches and, if required, uses dishonesty, deceit and violence to achieve the goals. 

Francis Bacon is often been considered an advocate of Machiavellianism for his excessive pragmatism. He even overlooks the moral issues to consider the practical benefit. In “Of Studies” some of his ideas are like that of Machiavelli. His classification of books is unscrupulously practical : “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” To him it is only practical gain that one should read. Otherwise it would be wastage of time. Again, he suggests to read according to one’s own need : “Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies.” That is, studies cure mental defects and accordingly a man should read to cure his disease. If a man cannot concentrate, he should read mathematics. Again, the study of scholastic philosophy can remove the confusion of thought. 

Bacon does not support studies without any benefit. According to him, it is a sign idleness to spend too much time on studies only to decorate one’s speech or to depend entirely on studies for one’s judgment. Studies should be used in practical field to achieve worldly advantages. So, Bacon’s analysis of studies is based on practical utility rather than idealistic morality and for this reason his philosophy of life is called Machiavellianism. 

What is Machiavellianism?

Green Land | September 15, 2023 | 0 comments

Machiavellianism is “the employment of cunning and duplicity in statecraft or in general conduct”. The term is derived from the Italian Renaissance diplomat and writer Niccolo Machiavelli, who wrote “II Principe” (The Prince) in which he denies the relevance of morality in political affairs and holds that craft and deceit are justified in pursuing and maintaining political power. Machiavelli believed that ‘ends justify means’. Machiavellianism is also a term that some social and personality psychologists use to describe a person’s tendency to deceive and manipulate other people for their personal gain. Therefore, Machiavellianism has no moral principles. It prefers pragmatic approaches and, if required, uses dishonesty, deceit and violence to achieve the goals. 

Francis Bacon is often been considered an advocate of Machiavellianism for his excessive pragmatism. He even overlooks the moral issues to consider the practical benefit. In “Of Studies” some of his ideas are like that of Machiavelli. His classification of books is unscrupulously practical : “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” To him it is only practical gain that one should read. Otherwise it would be wastage of time. Again, he suggests to read according to one’s own need : “Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies.” That is, studies cure mental defects and accordingly a man should read to cure his disease. If a man cannot concentrate, he should read mathematics. Again, the study of scholastic philosophy can remove the confusion of thought. 

Bacon does not support studies without any benefit. According to him, it is a sign idleness to spend too much time on studies only to decorate one’s speech or to depend entirely on studies for one’s judgment. Studies should be used in practical field to achieve worldly advantages. So, Bacon’s analysis of studies is based on practical utility rather than idealistic morality and for this reason his philosophy of life is called Machiavellianism. 

Important Short Notes

The term ‘Renaissance’ means ‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’. It was a revolution which revived the spirit of Greek and Latin leaning, and broke down the rigid conventions of the Middle Age. It began in Italy in the late 14th century and continued, both in Italy and other countries of Western Europe, through the 15th century and 16th century. It reached England late in the 16th century and did not flourish until the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. 

Through a new spirit of inquiry, of criticism, a passion for science accompanied by a sense of individualism and pragmaticism, Renaissance ushered new hope and aspiration for human life. It liberated man from the slavery of religious ideals and rationalized him, and thus marked the end of Middle Age and the  ginning of the modern world. The new age was characterized by the spirit of adventure, love for beauty, love of excellence, power and pelf. Writers of that age embraced these spirits and exposed them in their works. The writings of Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, Edmund Spenser and William  Shakespeare reflect the Renaissance spirit. 

Francis Bacon is one of the chief exponents of the Renaissance. Obviously his writings especially the essays are a reflection of the spirit of the Renaissance. In his essay “Of Studies”, Bacon treats studies in the light of its utility that is how a man can be benefited worldly by studies. Besides, his use of classical quotations, figures of speech and individuality in handling the subject — all are typical of Renaissance. 

Bacon's pragmatic view of studies is a fundamental characteristics¢ of hie Renaissance spirit. His classification of books {s entirely based on the use of books His suggestion to read books is to gain material benefit So, “some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested." 

The Renaissance is an age of reason and scientific inquiry. This characteristic is thoroughly exemplified through Bacon’s analytical style. In “Of Studies” he presents a point and analyses it in the following sentences. 

The revival of classical learning is a hall mark of Renaissance. Bacon uses classical quotations to enrich his writings as well as to suit his purpose. In “Of Studies” he cites from Ovid, “Abeunt studia in mores”. Moreover, his abundant use of similes and metaphors from various branches of knowledge reflects the high spirits of the age. " 

All these distinct qualities of Bacon’s writings once again mark his individuality. He is pragmatic in his attitude, analytic in thinking and scholarly in style. Thus Bacon’s “Of Studies” is a product of a Renaissance man who represented most salient features of the age. 

What is Renaissance?

Green Land | September 14, 2023 | 0 comments

The term ‘Renaissance’ means ‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’. It was a revolution which revived the spirit of Greek and Latin leaning, and broke down the rigid conventions of the Middle Age. It began in Italy in the late 14th century and continued, both in Italy and other countries of Western Europe, through the 15th century and 16th century. It reached England late in the 16th century and did not flourish until the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. 

Through a new spirit of inquiry, of criticism, a passion for science accompanied by a sense of individualism and pragmaticism, Renaissance ushered new hope and aspiration for human life. It liberated man from the slavery of religious ideals and rationalized him, and thus marked the end of Middle Age and the  ginning of the modern world. The new age was characterized by the spirit of adventure, love for beauty, love of excellence, power and pelf. Writers of that age embraced these spirits and exposed them in their works. The writings of Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, Edmund Spenser and William  Shakespeare reflect the Renaissance spirit. 

Francis Bacon is one of the chief exponents of the Renaissance. Obviously his writings especially the essays are a reflection of the spirit of the Renaissance. In his essay “Of Studies”, Bacon treats studies in the light of its utility that is how a man can be benefited worldly by studies. Besides, his use of classical quotations, figures of speech and individuality in handling the subject — all are typical of Renaissance. 

Bacon's pragmatic view of studies is a fundamental characteristics¢ of hie Renaissance spirit. His classification of books {s entirely based on the use of books His suggestion to read books is to gain material benefit So, “some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested." 

The Renaissance is an age of reason and scientific inquiry. This characteristic is thoroughly exemplified through Bacon’s analytical style. In “Of Studies” he presents a point and analyses it in the following sentences. 

The revival of classical learning is a hall mark of Renaissance. Bacon uses classical quotations to enrich his writings as well as to suit his purpose. In “Of Studies” he cites from Ovid, “Abeunt studia in mores”. Moreover, his abundant use of similes and metaphors from various branches of knowledge reflects the high spirits of the age. " 

All these distinct qualities of Bacon’s writings once again mark his individuality. He is pragmatic in his attitude, analytic in thinking and scholarly in style. Thus Bacon’s “Of Studies” is a product of a Renaissance man who represented most salient features of the age. 

Important Short Notes

The term ‘essay’ derives from the French ‘essai’ meaning ‘attempt’ and was first applied by the French writer Michel de Montaigne who meant it to reflect on uncertain and analytical quality of his thoughts. In 1597, Francis Bacon borrowed the term from Montaigne and applied it to his renowned work Essays which is his “dispersed meditations” about human life and society. An essay is a nonfiction composition of moderate length on a particular theme or topic.

Essays are often categorized as argumentative, descriptive, expository, or narrative. They may also be classified as formal or informal. Formal essays are impersonal and analytical. The tone is dignified or solemn. They are designed to instruct rather than entertain. On the other hand, informal essays are generally personal and conversational. The author assumes a tone of intimacy. Most essays are relatively brief though their range may vary from a single page to novel length. They are commonly written in prose but a few have been composed in verse like Alexander Pope’s “An Essay on Criticism” and “An Essay on Man”. William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson are famous essayists. 

Francis Bacon was the first English essayist. His essays are of various interests, mainly about human life and society as he called them “counsels civil and moral”. His “Of Studies” was first published in 1597 in the first edition of his “Essays”. The essay brilliantly shows his handling of the subject from the pragmatic point of view. Its single theme, analytic mode, length and style make a perfect example of an essay. 

“Of Studies” is written in prose. There are no fictitious elements like plot and characters. It simply.explains about studies its functions, necessities and other aspects. In fact, it focuses on a single Subject study. No other topic except studies and its relation to human life is suggested in it. Again, in “Of Studies” the subject is described and analysed. Bacon writes about the uses and abuses of Studies, their practical values and their influence on human life. His whole attitude towards studies is based on how a man can derive benefits from studies. So, he classifies books in three categories accordingly. 

“Of Studies” is written briefly. The length is hardly a single page. The main purpose of its writing is to instruct people. So, its tone is impersonal and dignified. Therefore, “Of Studies” exemplifies all aspects of being an essay. Its subject matter, handling of the subject, length, style and tone clarify it as an essay.

What is an essay?

Green Land | September 14, 2023 | 0 comments

The term ‘essay’ derives from the French ‘essai’ meaning ‘attempt’ and was first applied by the French writer Michel de Montaigne who meant it to reflect on uncertain and analytical quality of his thoughts. In 1597, Francis Bacon borrowed the term from Montaigne and applied it to his renowned work Essays which is his “dispersed meditations” about human life and society. An essay is a nonfiction composition of moderate length on a particular theme or topic.

Essays are often categorized as argumentative, descriptive, expository, or narrative. They may also be classified as formal or informal. Formal essays are impersonal and analytical. The tone is dignified or solemn. They are designed to instruct rather than entertain. On the other hand, informal essays are generally personal and conversational. The author assumes a tone of intimacy. Most essays are relatively brief though their range may vary from a single page to novel length. They are commonly written in prose but a few have been composed in verse like Alexander Pope’s “An Essay on Criticism” and “An Essay on Man”. William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson are famous essayists. 

Francis Bacon was the first English essayist. His essays are of various interests, mainly about human life and society as he called them “counsels civil and moral”. His “Of Studies” was first published in 1597 in the first edition of his “Essays”. The essay brilliantly shows his handling of the subject from the pragmatic point of view. Its single theme, analytic mode, length and style make a perfect example of an essay. 

“Of Studies” is written in prose. There are no fictitious elements like plot and characters. It simply.explains about studies its functions, necessities and other aspects. In fact, it focuses on a single Subject study. No other topic except studies and its relation to human life is suggested in it. Again, in “Of Studies” the subject is described and analysed. Bacon writes about the uses and abuses of Studies, their practical values and their influence on human life. His whole attitude towards studies is based on how a man can derive benefits from studies. So, he classifies books in three categories accordingly. 

“Of Studies” is written briefly. The length is hardly a single page. The main purpose of its writing is to instruct people. So, its tone is impersonal and dignified. Therefore, “Of Studies” exemplifies all aspects of being an essay. Its subject matter, handling of the subject, length, style and tone clarify it as an essay.

Important Short Notes